Endocrine Abstracts

GLP-1 stimulates β-cell proliferation, it also enhances the differentiation of new beta cells from progenitor cells in the pancreatic duct epithelium and it is capable of inhibiting apoptosis of β cells. GLP-1 also exhibits other effects of importance for glucose homeostasis, such as, inhibiting glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and stimulating insulin biosynthesis. These effects come along with a potential increase in peripheral insulin action. Type 2 d...

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) is the most common endocrinopathy in adult women, and is emerging as a common cause of menstrual disturbance in the adolescent population. Insulin resistance, which is considered one of its underlying causes, has increased substantially in the past decade, putting more adolescent girls at risk for PCOS and its complications. Anti – Mullerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by the granulose...

Multiple factors contribute to the etiology of Graves disease(GD), including genetic and environmental factors.vitamin D is well known in calcium metabolism and has also been shown to be a modulator in innate and adaptive immunity. There is a well-established link between vitamin D deficiency and various autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported to be common in patients with GD. Whether vitamin D deficiency has a causal relationship with GD remai...

There is evidence that vitamin D has a variety of effects on immune system function, which may enhance innate immunity and inhibit the development of autoimmunity. It suppresses T-cell proliferation, and inhibits secretion of pro-inflammatory Th1- and Th2-related Cytokines. In Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), a diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes is seen in the orbital adipose tissues and extracellular muscles. Th1 and 2 appear to play a role GO.Aim: To...

Background: Anorexia is a problem of paramount importance in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis contributing to malnutrition. In turn, malnutrition is a risk factor for the development of life-threatening complications and increased mortality. Ghrelin hormone; an important orexigenic agent has been postulated to integrate anabolic changes in the body.Aim: To assess ghrelin level in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.<...